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Colonoscopy
Why a colonoscopy is done, how to prepare, and what to expect.
Overview
A colonoscopy uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to look inside the colon and rectum. It can find and often remove polyps before they turn into cancer.
Why it is done
- Colorectal cancer screening, often starting at age 45 for people at average risk
- Looking into bleeding, pain or changes in bowel habits
- Follow-up after earlier findings
Preparing
Your bowel needs to be empty. You will get instructions for a clear-liquid diet and a bowel prep the day before. Plan for someone to drive you home.
After the test
Most people go home the same day. Mild bloating or gas is common. Call your care team for severe pain, fever or heavy bleeding.
Last reviewed: August 14, 2026