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Kidney stones
What kidney stones are, common symptoms, and steps that may help prevent them.
Overview
Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. Small stones may pass on their own; larger ones may need treatment.
Common symptoms
- Severe pain in the side and back, below the ribs
- Pain that spreads to the lower belly or groin
- Pink, red or brown urine
- Nausea and vomiting
Prevention
- Drink enough water throughout the day
- Limit salt
- Ask your care team whether diet changes make sense for your stone type
When to get help
Seek care right away for pain so severe you cannot sit still, pain with fever and chills, or trouble passing urine.
Last reviewed: September 8, 2026